The above diagram clearly states the usefulness of water in farming without human intervention. First Block consist of a water pump which can be used to pump in the necessary level of water according to the requirement of storage tank which contains a subsequent amount of water, which is shown in the second block diagram. The actuator which is present in the above block diagram takes the desired information from the Moisture sensor and turns on the sprinklers which provide desired water to the field.
Water Sprinklers
Your greenhouse may have the best climate control system and rich potting mixes for each plant, but your watering system is one of the most important components for growing healthy flowers, foliage and fruits. Although you may get away with basic hand watering using a watering can, you save time and conserve water with the right greenhouse irrigation method. Each method's effectiveness is based on your greenhouse's size.
One of the biggest advantages of switching over to a smart irrigation regime is the considerable volume of water savings. These savings can be increased around 20 percent by ditching the out dated sprinkler systems and using nozzles that can spray rotating water streams in multiple trajectories instead. These ‘smarter sprinklers’ go a long way in ensuring uniform distribution of water to all parts of the field (or a particular section of it) and offers much greater resistance to changes in weather conditions (wind speed, mist, etc.). The water released by these rotating-head sprinklers is mostly soaked in by the soil, thereby minimizing runoffs and other forms of wastage.
Hardware:
Node MCU
Soil Moisture Sensor
Jumper Wires
Bread Board
Motor Driver
Digital Water Pump (5v to 12V)
Flexible water tube / pipe
Water Tank or a Tap close to your circuit/garden
Software:
Any Application
The above hardware and software can be used in the sprinklers to provide water to the plants in the irrigation field.
How does the proposed model work:
PID Controlled Actuators
A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller or three-term controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control. A PID controller continuously calculates an error value {\displaystyle e(t)} as the difference between a desired setpoint (SP) and a measured process variable (PV) and applies a correction based n proportional, integral, and derivative terms (denoted P, I, and D respectively), hence the name.
In practical terms it automatically applies accurate and responsive correction to a control function. An everyday example is the cruise control on a car, where ascending a hill would lower speed if only constant engine power is applied. The controller's PID algorithm restores the measured speed to the desired speed with minimal delay and overshoot, by increasing the power output of the engine.
The first theoretical analysis and practical application was in the field of automatic steering systems for ships, developed from the early 1920s onwards. It was then used for automatic process control in the manufacturing industry, where it was widely implemented in pneumatic, and then electronic, controllers. Today there is universal use of the PID concept in applications requiring accurate and optimized automatic control.
A PID temperature controller, as its name implies, is an instrument used to control temperature, mainly without extensive operator involvement. A PID controller in a temperature control system will accept a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple or RD as input and compare the actual temperature to the desired control temperature or setpoint. It will then provide an output to a control element.
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